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CBD vs. CBN vs. CBG
by JARS | December 11, 2024
The cannabis plant contains over 100 cannabinoids, along with hundreds of non cannabinoid terpenes such as myrcene, limonene, pinene, and trans-caryophyllene, as well as with flavonoids. These components are responsible for the scent, taste, and color of cannabis, and some of them can produce psychoactive effects, particularly when present in high concentrates or in combination with other cannabinoids. The cannabis plant contains over 100 cannabinoids, along with hundreds of non cannabinoid terpenes such as myrcene, limonene, pinene, and trans-caryophyllene, as well as with flavonoids. These components are responsible for the scent, taste, and color of cannabis, and some of them can produce psychoactive effects, particularly when present in high concentrates or in combination with other cannabinoids. With over 700 different varieties of the plant, each with varying ratios of cannabinoids and non cannabinoid components, the psychoactive effects produced by each variety can differ significantly. Psychoactive Cannabinoids The potency of a psychoactive cannabinoid is based on the concentration and ratio of THC cannabinoid compounds. Higher THC percentages have stronger psychoactive effects. Of course, a few factors come into play here. 1. Affinity for Cannabinoid Receptors: Cannabinoids exert their effects primarily by interacting with cannabinoid receptors in the body, namely CB1 and CB2 receptors. Psychoactive cannabinoids typically have a higher affinity for CB1 receptors, which are predominantly found in the brain and central nervous system. A cannabinoid with a higher binding affinity for these receptors is generally more potent, as it can more effectively alter neurotransmitter release and produce stronger psychoactive effects. 2. Efficiency in Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selective barrier that protects the brain from potentially harmful substances in the bloodstream while allowing essential nutrients to pass through. Cannabinoids that can efficiently cross the BBB tend to be more potent in their psychoactive effects because they can directly interact with the brain's receptors. 3. Molecular Structure: The specific molecular structure of a cannabinoid can greatly influence its potency. For instance, slight modifications in the chemical structure, such as the length of the alkyl side chain (as seen in THCP) or the position of double bonds (as in Delta 8, Delta 9, and Delta 10 THC), can significantly impact how strongly and effectively the compound interacts with cannabinoid receptors. 4. Metabolism and Bioavailability: How a cannabinoid is metabolized in the body can affect its potency. Some cannabinoids might be rapidly broken down or modified into less active forms, reducing their overall effect. Conversely, cannabinoids that are metabolized into more active compounds or have a high bioavailability (the proportion of the substance that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect) can be more potent. 5. Synergistic Effects: The entourage effect is a theory suggesting that cannabinoids can work together synergistically, enhancing each other's effects. A cannabinoid might not be exceptionally potent on its own but could significantly increase in potency and effectiveness when present with other cannabinoids and terpenes found in the cannabis plant. Synthetic cannabinoids, often sold as "Spice" or "K2," aim to mimic THC's effects but can be unpredictable and more dangerous. Common effects include euphoria, altered perception, increased heart rate, anxiety, paranoia, psychotic episodes, and severe nausea. They may also cause cognitive impairments, loss of motor coordination, addiction, and withdrawal symptoms. Due to their chemical diversity and unknown purity, their effects are highly unpredictable, ranging from mild to life-threatening. Health authorities warn against their use because of these significant risks, as users often don't know exactly what they're consuming. Endocannabinoids, or endogenous cannabinoids, are naturally occurring compounds found within the human body. They are part of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which plays a crucial role in regulating a wide range of physiological and cognitive processes, including mood, memory, appetite, pain sensation, and the immune system response. The ECS works through a network of receptors, mainly CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are found throughout the body. Our natural endocannabinoid system helps maintain our internal balance and stability, a state known as homeostasis. When an imbalance is detected, the body produces endocannabinoids to interact with the cannabinoid receptors. This interaction triggers various responses that help return the system to balance. The two most well-studied endocannabinoids are anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). These molecules are synthesized on demand and quickly broken down by enzymes after fulfilling their roles. Unlike hormones that are stored and released when needed, endocannabinoids are made exactly when they're required, making them key players in the body's ability to adapt to changes and maintain health. Highly psychoactive. Binds to the same receptors as THC, but with a higher affinity. A newly discovered cannabinoid that is similar to THC but with a longer alkyl side chain, making it potentially more potent than THC. It's highly psychoactive and may have stronger binding affinity for CB1 receptors, leading to more pronounced effects. Mildly psychoactive. Sedative and pain-relieving effects Similar to THC but with slightly different effects. It's less psychoactive than THC and may help suppress appetite. It's also being researched for its potential in managing diabetes and reducing panic attacks. A synthetic cannabinoid derived from THC, known to be more potent than regular THC. It has psychoactive effects and is considered to produce a more spiritual or psychedelic experience. Highly psychoactive. Longer-lasting and more potent than Delta-9 THC A form of THC that is less psychoactive than Delta 9 THC. It's known for producing a clearer high, with reduced anxiety and nausea. It's found in small amounts in the cannabis plant. Delta-8 THC - Euphoria, enhanced mood, pain relief and intoxicating. Main effects: analgesic, anti-nausea, and appetite stimulant. Less potent than Delta-9 THC. Mildly psychoactive Highly psychoactive and the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis. A majority of the flower you can purchase at JARS contains Delta-9 THC. The cannabinoid can produce a variety of effects, including euphoria, relaxation, increased appetite, and altered perception, and Its benefits are the subject of ongoing research. Similar to Delta 8 and Delta 9 THC but with a different placement of the double bond in its molecular structure. It's less psychoactive than Delta 9 THC and is known for producing a more sativa-like, energizing effect. Mildly psychoactive, less potent than Delta-9 THC. Has mood-boosting and energy-enhancing effects A hydrogenated form of THC, making it more stable and potentially longer-lasting in its effects. It's psychoactive, though reports vary on its potency relative to Delta 9 THC. HHC is believed to offer a balanced high with some of the euphoric effects of THC. Mildly psychoactive and similar to Delta-9 THC, but with a longer duration of effects. Typically found in aged cannabis, as THC breaks down over time. It's mildly psychoactive and is researched for its potential to help with sleep and pain relief. CBN (cannabinol) - Sleep and relaxtion and non-intoxicating. Main effects: anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective Effects: Mildly psychoactive, more so than CBD but less than THC. CBN is available in pre-rolls, gummies, disposable vapes at JARS. CBD is highlighted as the most popular compound with non-psychoactive effects, while CBN is known for its tranquil properties and potential for aiding sleep. CBG is noted for its antioxidant and fatty acid content, making it appealing to dieters and fitness enthusiasts. The article also addresses the differences between CBN and CBD, as well as the possibility of combining CBN and CBG for a synergistic effect. Effects: Non-psychoactive, does not induce a "high." Potential Benefits: Often associated with anti-inflammatory properties, it may provide a sense of calm and wellness without intoxication. It's widely used for its potential to alleviate anxiety, improve sleep, and support overall wellness. Often referred to as the "mother of all cannabinoids" because other cannabinoids are derived from its acidic form. Great for daytime energy and focusing. Studies are looking into its therapeutic properties in people with neurological disorders. Effects: Non-psychoactive, similar to CBD. Potential Benefits: Loaded with antioxidants and fatty acids, it may be beneficial for dietary and fitness purposes. It's also being researched for its potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Focus, appetite suppressant, stimulation, mild pain relief, CBN, CBG, and CBD can indeed be combined together in hemp extracts. These extracts are typically categorized as either full spectrum or broad spectrum, and here's how they differ: Full Spectrum Hemp Extracts Full spectrum products contain all phytochemicals naturally found in the hemp plant, including CBD, CBG, CBN, terpenes, essential oils, and other cannabinoids. They also contain trace amounts of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), but not enough to produce psychoactive effects—typically less than 0.3% THC by dry weight, which is the federal legal limit in the United States. For those looking to experience the potential benefits of the hemp plant in its entirety, full spectrum extracts are what you’re looking for. We carry several full spectrum products like RSO syringes and diamond concentrates. Broad Spectrum Hemp Extracts Broad spectrum products are similar to full spectrum products in that they contain CBD, CBG, CBN, terpenes, and essential oils. The key difference is that broad spectrum extracts go through an additional process to remove all traces of THC. This makes them a good choice for those who want to avoid THC entirely, whether for personal preferences, sensitivity to THC, or due to drug testing concerns. 1. Receptor Binding: The ECS is composed of two primary receptor types: CB1 and CB2. CB1 receptors are primarily located in the brain and central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are found throughout the peripheral body, including immune cells. CBD, CBG, and CBN can bind to these receptors or influence their activity indirectly. For instance, CBD has a low affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors but can modulate their activity by interacting with other receptor pathways. 2. Enzyme Inhibition: The ECS also involves enzymes that synthesize and degrade endocannabinoids (the body's naturally produced cannabinoids). CBD, for example, can inhibit the FAAH enzyme, which breaks down anandamide, thereby potentially increasing anandamide levels in the body. 3. Non-Cannabinoid Receptor Interaction: These cannabinoids can also interact with non-cannabinoid receptors. CBD, for example, has been shown to interact with serotonin receptors, which may explain its potential effects on mood disorders. 4. Entourage Effect: When cannabinoids are present together, they may work synergistically in what is known as the "entourage effect." This suggests that the therapeutic impact of the whole plant with its full spectrum of cannabinoids may be more significant than the sum of its parts. 5. Endocannabinoid Levels: CBD and other cannabinoids may influence the levels of endocannabinoids in the body. By modulating the ECS, CBD might contribute to the system's role in regulating functions such as sleep, appetite, pain sensation, and mood. 6. Neuroprotection and Inflammation: Some studies suggest that cannabinoids have neuroprotective properties and can help reduce inflammation. This might be due to their interaction with the ECS and other signaling systems within the body. 7. Potential Therapeutic Effects: Each cannabinoid has been associated with specific potential therapeutic effects. CBD is known for its anti-anxiety and anti-inflammatory properties, CBN is often associated with sedative effects that could aid sleep, and CBG is being researched for its potential to treat inflammation and pain. Interactive graph of cannabinoids compared effectsCannabis Plant Cannabinoids
What makes a psychoactive cannabinoid potent?
Synthetic Cannabinoids
The Endocannabinoid System and Cannabinoid Receptors
THCP (Tetrahydrocannabiphorol)
THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)
THC-O (Tetrahydrocannabinol Acetate)
Delta 8 THC (Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol)
Delta 9 THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)
Delta 10 THC (Delta-10-tetrahydrocannabinol)
HHC (Hexahydrocannabinol)
CBN (Cannabinol)
CBD
CBG (Cannabigerol)
Can They Be Combined?
We’ve got some awesome broad spectrum gummies from Evolution! Try’em outHow We Are Affected By Cannabinoids
